Public food forest opportunities and challenges in small municipalities

The opportunities and challenges associated with public food forest initiatives in small municipalities are understudied compared to large metropolitan counterparts. Research in small population centers is needed to identify and understand factors affecting the growth of public food forests where resources more commonly available in cities often are lacking. To study these factors, we surveyed mayors in Virginia, United States serving communities with populations under 25,000. Out of 176 mayors who received a paper survey through the mail, 68 (39%) responded. Mayors perceived long-term maintenance as the greatest barrier to public food forests and education, recreation, and spiritual experience as the most desirable benefits. Nearly 70% noted that their town has some form of food production on public land, but only one-fifth include food-producing trees and shrubs. Most municipalities (78%) do not have food-producing trees and shrubs land use codes. Summated variables representing mayor...