中国行政区划数据
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行政区划是国家为了进行分级管理而实行的区域划分。恩格斯说，国家的职能之一就是用区域划分其国民，行政区划伴随着国家建立而产生，行政区域的划定需兼顾政治、经济、民族、人口、国防、历史传统等各方面的因素，其一旦形成又会对区域内外的治理与发展产生重要影响，存在着“空间分割”和“空间交叠”两种效应，前者强调刚性区域分割对要素流动的影响，后者更关注多个不同层级权威在同一区域中产生的利益关系重叠现象。行政区划的变迁中也蕴含人类社会的发展趋势。因此，行政区划的相关研究涵盖多个学科，包括地理学、历史学、政治学、公共管理学、经济学、社会学、文化学等。 根据《中华人民共和国宪法》规定，中国行政区划分为省级行政区（自治区、直辖市）、县级行政区（自治县、市）、乡级行政区三个级别（民族乡、镇），但在经济比较发达的地区，为促进城乡结合和工农结合，打破条块分割，充分发挥城乡两个方面的积极性，实行市管县的行政体制，即在省、县之间增加一级政区，实行四级制，还存在有些自治区，下辖自治州，州以下有县，也是四级制。这就使中国现行行政区划和地方行政建制层次形成了三级和四级并存的体制。
Administrative divisions are regional delimitations implemented by a state for hierarchical governance. Friedrich Engels noted that one of the core functions of a state is to delimit its citizenry through regional divisions, and administrative divisions emerge alongside the founding of a state. The delineation of administrative regions must comprehensively balance multiple factors including politics, economy, ethnicity, population, national defense, historical traditions, and others. Once established, such divisions will exert profound impacts on the governance and development of both the regions themselves and their surrounding areas, giving rise to two distinct effects: "spatial segmentation" and "spatial overlap". The former highlights the influence of rigid regional segmentation on factor mobility, while the latter focuses more on the overlapping interest relations generated by multiple authorities of different levels operating within the same geographic area. Changes in administrative divisions also embody the developmental trends of human society. Accordingly, research related to administrative divisions spans multiple disciplines, including geography, history, political science, public administration, economics, sociology, culturology, and others. According to the Constitution of the People's Republic of China, China's administrative divisions are officially divided into three levels: provincial-level administrative regions (autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government), county-level administrative regions (autonomous counties, county-level cities), and township-level administrative regions (ethnic townships, towns). However, in economically developed regions, to promote urban-rural integration and worker-peasant integration, break down departmental and regional segmentation, and fully mobilize the enthusiasm of both urban and rural stakeholders, the administrative system of city governing counties is adopted, which adds an extra administrative tier between provinces and counties, creating a four-level system. Additionally, some autonomous regions that administer autonomous prefectures with counties under their jurisdiction also operate under a four-level system. This results in a dual administrative hierarchy where both three-level and four-level divisions and local administrative establishments coexist in contemporary China.
