juliensimon/donki-space-weather-events
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--- license: cc-by-4.0 pretty_name: "NASA DONKI Space Weather Events" language: - en description: "Coronal mass ejections, geomagnetic storms, interplanetary shocks, and solar energetic particles from NASA CCMC DONKI (2010-present)." task_categories: - tabular-classification - time-series-forecasting tags: - space - space-weather - cme - geomagnetic-storm - solar - nasa - open-data - coronal-mass-ejection - ccmc - donki - solar-wind - tabular-data - parquet size_categories: - 10K<n<100K configs: - config_name: default data_files: - split: train path: data/donki_events.parquet default: true --- # DONKI Space Weather Events *Part of the [Space Weather Datasets](https://huggingface.co/collections/juliensimon/space-weather-datasets-69c24cae98f1666f2101ca70) collection on Hugging Face.*   Space weather events from NASA's [DONKI](https://kauai.ccmc.gsfc.nasa.gov/DONKI/) (Database Of Notifications, Knowledge, Information) at the Community Coordinated Modeling Center. Covers **2010-01-20** to **2026-03-28** with **12,120** events. ## Dataset description DONKI tracks the chain of space weather events from Sun to Earth: 1. **CME** (Coronal Mass Ejection) — eruption of magnetized plasma from the Sun 2. **IPS** (Interplanetary Shock) — shock wave propagating through solar wind 3. **GST** (Geomagnetic Storm) — disturbance in Earth's magnetosphere 4. **HSS** (High Speed Stream) — fast solar wind from coronal holes 5. **SEP** (Solar Energetic Particle) — high-energy particles from solar events Events are **cross-linked** via the `linked_events` column, enabling causal chain analysis (e.g., which CME caused which geomagnetic storm). ## Schema | Column | Type | Description | |--------|------|-------------| | `event_type` | string | CME, GST, IPS, HSS, or SEP | | `activity_id` | string | Unique event identifier | | `start_time` | datetime | Event start time (UTC) | | `source_location` | string | Solar source location (CME only, e.g. "N23W45") | | `active_region` | int | NOAA active region number (CME only) | | `note` | string | Analyst notes | | `link` | string | DONKI web page for this event | | `cme_speed_kms` | float | CME speed in km/s (CME only) | | `cme_half_angle_deg` | float | CME half-angle in degrees (CME only) | | `cme_latitude` | float | CME latitude (CME only) | | `cme_longitude` | float | CME longitude (CME only) | | `cme_type` | string | CME type: S (slow), C (common), O (occasional), R (rare), ER (extremely rare) | | `cme_time_21_5` | datetime | Time CME reaches 21.5 solar radii (CME only) | | `cme_measurement` | string | Measurement technique (CME only) | | `gst_max_kp` | float | Maximum Kp index during storm (GST only) | | `gst_kp_count` | int | Number of Kp readings during storm (GST only) | | `linked_events` | string | Comma-separated IDs of linked events (causal chain) | ## Quick stats - **12,120** events (2010-01-20 to 2026-03-28) - **9,370** CMEs, **191** geomagnetic storms, **1,334** interplanetary shocks - **757** high speed streams, **468** solar energetic particle events - Fastest CME: **3529 km/s** on 2024-02-12 ## Usage ```python from datasets import load_dataset ds = load_dataset("juliensimon/donki-space-weather-events", split="train") df = ds.to_pandas() # Fast CMEs (potential Earth-directed storms) fast_cmes = df[(df["event_type"] == "CME") & (df["cme_speed_kms"] > 1000)] # Geomagnetic storms with linked CMEs storms = df[df["event_type"] == "GST"] storms_with_cme = storms[storms["linked_events"].str.contains("CME", na=False)] # CME speed distribution cmes = df[df["event_type"] == "CME"] cmes["cme_speed_kms"].hist(bins=50) # Event frequency by type and year df["year"] = df["start_time"].dt.year df.groupby(["year", "event_type"]).size().unstack().plot() # Causal chain: find all events linked to a specific CME cme_id = "2024-05-08T22:09:00-CME-001" chain = df[df["linked_events"].str.contains(cme_id, na=False)] ``` ## Data source [NASA CCMC DONKI API](https://ccmc.gsfc.nasa.gov/tools/DONKI/). Events are catalogued by space weather analysts at the Community Coordinated Modeling Center (CCMC) using data from SOHO, STEREO, SDO, and ground-based observatories. ## Update schedule Daily at 14:00 UTC via [GitHub Actions](https://github.com/juliensimon/space-datasets). ## Related datasets - [solar-flare-events](https://huggingface.co/datasets/juliensimon/solar-flare-events) — GOES X-ray flare detections - [space-weather-indices](https://huggingface.co/datasets/juliensimon/space-weather-indices) — Daily Kp, Ap, F10.7 - [dst-index](https://huggingface.co/datasets/juliensimon/dst-index) — Hourly Dst geomagnetic index - [neo-close-approaches](https://huggingface.co/datasets/juliensimon/neo-close-approaches) — Near-Earth object approaches ## Pipeline Source code: [juliensimon/space-datasets](https://github.com/juliensimon/space-datasets) ## Support If you find this dataset useful, please give it a ❤️ on the [dataset page](https://huggingface.co/datasets/juliensimon/donki-space-weather-events) and share feedback in the Community tab! Also consider giving a ⭐️ to the [space-datasets](https://github.com/juliensimon/space-datasets) repo. ## Citation If you use this dataset, please cite: ```bibtex @dataset{donki_space_weather_events, author = {Simon, Julien}, title = {NASA DONKI Space Weather Events}, year = {2026}, publisher = {Hugging Face}, url = {https://huggingface.co/datasets/juliensimon/donki-space-weather-events} } ``` ### Data source [NASA CCMC DONKI API](https://ccmc.gsfc.nasa.gov/tools/DONKI/) ## License [CC-BY-4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)




