Despite recent advances in our understanding of the pathogenesis of attaching and effacing (A/E) Escherichia coli infections, the mechanisms by which the host defends against these microbes are unclea
Lymphoid tissue inducer (LTi)-like cells are tissue resident innate lymphocytes that rapidly secrete cytokines that promote gut epithelial integrity and protect against extracellular bacterial infecti
Interleukin-(IL) 22 production by intestinal group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3) is critical to maintain gut homeostasis. However, IL-22 needs to be tightly controlled; reduced IL-22 expression is as
Direct administration of vaccines to mucosal surfaces, such as via oral or nasal vaccination, represents an attractive alternative, or complement, to current parenteral vaccination because it has a po
