DIACHRONIC EVOLUTION OF PLACE NAMES IN UZBEK AND ENGLISH: ETHNIC AND LINGUISTIC PERSPECTIVES

This article explores the diachronic evolution of Uzbek and English place names from ethnic and linguistic perspectives. The research examines how historical processes, migration, ethnic interaction, and sociopolitical transformations influenced the development of toponymic systems in both languages. Particular attention is devoted to phonetic, lexical, semantic, and morphological changes observed in geographical names over time. The study also investigates how ethnic identity and cultural memory are preserved through historical toponyms despite linguistic transformation. The findings demonstrate that Uzbek and English place names function as important linguistic archives reflecting historical continuity, ethnic heritage, and intercultural contact. The article emphasizes the significance of diachronic analysis in understanding the relationship between language, history, and identity in toponymic studies.