Black Soil Layer Thickness Dataset of NE China

Black soil layer thickness (BSLT) is a basic attribute of black soil and also an important indicator reflecting the quality condition and degradation degree of black soil. It is important to carry out the research on spatial prediction of BSLT to support the black soil conservation project and guarantee food security in China. In this paper, with reference to the diagnostic characteristics of BSLT in soil system classification, the organic carbon content higher than 6g/kg of soil-forming parent material is taken as the judgment criterion of BSLT, and the calculation formula of BSLT is derived by using the exponential distribution function of organic carbon in vertical direction. Meanwhile, based on the organic carbon data of 62,896 surface soils and 15,687 deep soils obtained from the multi-purpose regional geochemical survey, the spatial prediction of the thickness of BSLT in Songliao Plain was carried out, and its relationship with soil type and climate was analyzed. The results showed that the BSLT in Songliao Plain ranged from 0-165 cm, with a median of 23.33 cm. The spatial distribution of black soil layer was extremely uneven, with an overall distribution characteristic of thin in the southwest and thick in the northeast. The black soil layer of swampy soil and peat soil is the largest in 60-80cm, followed by black soil with an average thickness of 56cm, and the average thickness of black soil layer of white pulp soil and meadow soil is between 40-50cm. The spatial distribution of black soil layer thickness is closely related to climatic conditions, mainly showing a significant negative correlation with temperature and a positive correlation with rainfall.黑土层厚度（Black soil layer thickness, BSLT）是黑土的基础属性，亦是反映黑土质量状况与退化程度的重要指标。开展黑土层厚度的空间预测研究，对支撑黑土保护工程、保障我国粮食安全具有重要意义。 本研究参照土壤系统分类中黑土层厚度的诊断特征，以成土母质有机碳含量高于6g/kg作为黑土层厚度的判定标准，并利用有机碳的垂直指数分布函数推导得到黑土层厚度的计算公式。 同时，本研究依托多目标区域地球化学调查获取的62896个表层土壤与15687个深层土壤的有机碳数据，对松辽平原黑土层厚度开展空间预测，并分析其与土壤类型、气候的关联关系。 结果表明，松辽平原黑土层厚度介于0~165cm之间，中位数为23.33cm。黑土层的空间分布极不均匀，整体呈现西南薄、东北厚的分布特征。 沼泽土与泥炭土的黑土层平均厚度最大，介于60~80cm之间；其次为黑土，平均厚度达56cm；白浆土与草甸土的黑土层平均厚度则介于40~50cm之间。 黑土层厚度的空间分布与气候条件密切相关，主要表现为与温度呈显著负相关，与降雨量呈正相关。