Background: Environmental substances such as pesticides are well-known in link with PD risk. Enzymes including cytochromes P450 (CYPs), esterases and glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are responsible
Background: A high level of education or intelligence (IQ) is reported to be a risk factor for Parkinson’s disease (PD). The purpose of this study was to systematically examine the causal relationship
Results of fixed effects regression analysis investigating the association of coffee consumption with the risk of type 2 diabetes among Chinese adults (1993–2011).
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by a long prodromal phase with a multitude of markers indicating an increased PD risk prior to clinical diagnosis based on motor symptoms. Current PD predicti