THE REPRESENTATION OF HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL REALITIES IN ABDULLA QODIRIY'S NOVEL "O'TKAN KUNLAR" (BYGONE DAYS) AND ITS ENGLISH TRANSLATION

This scientific article examines the representation of historical and cultural realities in Abdullah Qodiriy’s novel “O‘tkan kunlar” and their transmission in its English translation “Bygone Days”. The study focuses on culture-specific elements such as social institutions, family traditions, religious practices, material culture, and linguistic features that reflect nineteenth-century Uzbek society. By applying theoretical perspectives from literary and translation studies, the article analyzes how these realia contribute to the historical authenticity and cultural identity of the original text. This article highlights the importance of preserving cultural realia in literary translation and emphasizes the role of translators in intercultural communication.