航空发动机材料摩擦学研究进展

机械产品中的摩擦磨损问题不可避免，且严重影响装备性能与寿命可靠性。航空发动机是飞机的心脏，针 对该类复杂机械产品的摩擦磨损问题更应得到高度重视. 通过材料摩擦学行为调控，可有效减轻或排除航空发动 机中的摩擦磨损问题，大幅抑制发动机功能精度衰减，提高其寿命稳定性. 为系统有序地开展航空发动机材料摩擦 学研究，在本文中以典型三代涡扇发动机为例，按冷端至热端结构顺序，阐述进气道、风扇、中介机匣、压气机、燃 烧室、涡轮和尾喷口等关键部位涉及摩擦磨损部件及材料的摩擦学服役工况、主要磨损类型和磨损机制. 结合发动 机整机故障分析结果，有针对性的选择4种具有代表性的航发材料作为摩擦学重点研究对象，即叶片尖端与封严涂 层的高速刮擦、主轴轴承滚动接触疲劳与滑擦损伤、钛合金叶片的微动损伤、动密封装置中石墨的摩擦磨损及其寿 命评价台架试验. 从材料摩擦学损伤演变规律、磨损机制、耐磨功能设计和表面改性等角度综述国内外研究进展， 提出航发材料摩擦学研究技术路线，即从材料级摩擦磨损实验复现航发零件磨损失效特征出发，实现基于摩擦学 行为调控原理获得材料耐磨减摩功能化改进，最终采用模拟工况摩擦学实验台架验证新材料摩擦磨损性能. 此外， 针对新一代航空发动机对材料耐磨减摩性能的更高要求，从宽温域润滑、腐蚀-磨损交互作用和新材料摩擦学数据 库等方面展望航发材料摩擦学研究发展方向Friction and wear issues in mechanical products are inevitable, and severely impair the performance and service life reliability of equipment. The aeroengine is the heart of an aircraft, and its friction and wear problems, as a typical complex mechanical product, deserve high attention. By regulating the tribological behavior of materials, the friction and wear problems in aeroengines can be effectively alleviated or eliminated, the functional accuracy decay of the engine can be greatly suppressed, and its service life stability can be improved. To conduct systematic and orderly tribological research on aeroengine materials, this paper takes a typical third-generation turbofan engine as an example, and elaborates on the tribological service conditions, main wear types and wear mechanisms of friction and wear-related components and materials in key parts including air intake, fan, intermediate casing, compressor, combustor, turbine and nozzle, following the structural sequence from cold end to hot end. Combined with the fault analysis results of the whole aeroengine, four representative aeroengine materials are selectively selected as the key tribological research objects, namely high-speed scraping between blade tips and seal coatings, rolling contact fatigue and sliding wear damage of main shaft bearings, fretting damage of titanium alloy blades, friction and wear of graphite in dynamic sealing devices and their life evaluation bench tests. This paper reviews the domestic and international research progress from the perspectives of the evolution law of material tribological damage, wear mechanisms, wear-resistant functional design and surface modification, and proposes the technical route for tribological research on aeroengine materials: starting from reproducing the wear failure characteristics of aeroengine parts through material-level friction and wear experiments, realizing the wear-resistant and friction-reducing functional improvement of materials based on the principle of tribological behavior regulation, and finally verifying the friction and wear performance of new materials via simulated working condition tribological bench tests. In addition, in response to the higher requirements of new-generation aeroengines for the wear-resistant and friction-reducing performance of materials, this paper prospects the development direction of tribological research on aeroengine materials from the aspects of wide-temperature-range lubrication, corrosion-wear interaction and new material tribological databases.

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集聚焦于航空发动机材料的摩擦学研究，系统分析了从冷端到热端关键部件（如风扇、压气机、涡轮等）的摩擦磨损工况、类型和机制，并选取四种代表性材料作为案例深入探讨。通过综述研究进展，提出了从实验复现到功能改进的技术路线，旨在通过材料摩擦学行为调控减轻磨损问题，提高发动机寿命和可靠性，同时展望了宽温域润滑和新材料数据库等未来方向。