磁场线圈及发生器（脉冲磁场线圈，脉冲磁场发生器，阻尼振荡磁场，工频磁场线圈，工频磁场装置，工频磁场发生器）

工频磁场是由导体中的工频电流产生的，或极少量的由附近的其他装置（如变压器的漏磁通）所产生，其实试验波形为工频正弦波形。脉冲磁场是由雷击建筑物和其他金属构架（包括天线杆、接地体和接地网）以及由在低压、中压和高压电力系统中初始的故障瞬态产生的。在高压变电站，脉冲磁场也可由断路器切合高压母线和高压线路产生，其试验波形为6.4/16μs的标准电流脉冲波形（如图1所示）。感应线圈即具有确定形状和尺寸的导体环，环中流过电流时，在其平面和所包围的空间内产生确定的磁场。感应线圈因数即尺寸一定的感应线圈所产生的磁场强度与相应电流的比值，磁场强度是在没有受试设备的情况下，在线圈平面中心处所测得的，其与电流波形无关，它是感应线圈的一个特征参数。Power frequency magnetic fields are generated by power frequency currents in conductors, or in very small amounts by nearby equipment such as leakage magnetic flux from transformers. Their standard test waveforms are power frequency sine waves. Pulse magnetic fields are generated by lightning strikes on buildings and other metal structures including antenna masts, grounding bodies and grounding grids, as well as initial fault transients in low-voltage, medium-voltage and high-voltage power systems. In high-voltage substations, pulse magnetic fields can also be generated by circuit breakers switching high-voltage busbars and high-voltage lines, whose standard test waveforms are 6.4/16 μs current pulse waveforms as shown in Figure 1. An induction coil is a conductor loop with a defined shape and dimensions. When current flows through the loop, it generates a defined magnetic field within its plane and the enclosed space. The induction coil factor is the ratio of the magnetic field strength produced by an induction coil of fixed dimensions to the corresponding current. The magnetic field strength is measured at the center of the coil plane in the absence of the equipment under test, is independent of the current waveform, and is a characteristic parameter of the induction coil.