Digit-based election forensics typically relies on null hypothesis significance testing, with undesirable effects on substantive conclusions. This paper proposes an alterna- tive free of this problem.
Building on Alvarez, Levin, and Núñez (2017), we implement a hierarchical latent class model to analyze political participation from a comparative perspective. Our methodology allows simultaneously: (
Latent classes are a useful tool in developmental research, however there are challenges associated with embedding them within a counterfactual mediation model. We develop and test a new method “updat
