The association between peptic ulcer disease and chronic kidney disease, stratified by medication use.

Model 1: adjusted for age, sex, urbanization, and comorbidities. Model 2: adjusted for age, sex, urbanization, comorbidities, patient status (inpatient vs. outpatient), and other medications listed. §Non- CKD: all patients without chronic kidney disease. #Non-HD CKD: chronic kidney disease patients never undergoing any dialysis therapy. &HD CKD: chronic kidney disease patients ever receiving hemodialysis. Abbreviations: NA = not applicable; NSAID = non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; CKD = chronic kidney disease; OR = odds ratios; 95% CI = 95% confidence interval.