HISCO - OCC1950 CROSSWALK

The study of social class and corresponding measurement schemes has evolved separately in Europe and the US. On both continents a standardized occupational coding system exists that can be transferred into a wide scala of measures of socioeconomic status. This dataset contains a crosswalk between the two standardized historical occupational coding schemes: HISCO and Occ1950.The Historical International Standardized Classification of Occupations (HISCO) is the European standard for occupational coding and can be used to generate social class schemes, such as HISCLASS, SOCPO, and HISCAM. The U.S. Bureau of the Census' 1950 standard (Occ1950) is the U.S. standard for occupational coding and can be used to generate social class schemes, like NPBOSS, OCCSCORE, PRESGL, and SEI. With the crosswalk, HISCO can be converted to the American class coding schemes and Occ1950 into the European class coding schemes.Occupational categories were linked between HISCO and Occ1950 on the underlying occupations. Both HISCO and Occ1950 consist of multiple layers of occupational groups. HISCO is divided in 7 major, 76 minor, 296 unit, and 1,675 micro groups, which roughly correspond with: social classes, sectors, occupational groups, and occupational subgroups. Occ1950 on the other hand is divided in 10 social classes and 269 occupational groups. HISCO’s micro groups and Occ1950’s occupational subgroups are based on a well-documented number of occupations, which can easily be compared and matched between both occupational coding schemes.In the translation from HISCO to Occ1950 1,675 occupational categories were collapsed into 229 Occ1950 unique occupational groups. Although 40 occupational groups in Occ1950 could not be retrieved from HISCO, all occupations were successfully attributed to the right social class. Vice versa, 269 occupational groups in Occ1950 were recoded into 227 HISCO micro groups. Together these 227 unique codes are well-spread over the different branches of the HISCO tree, as they cover most of the unit groups.#Please note that this is not the crosswalk from Occ1950 to the intermediate HISCO used by the NAPP project, also known as OCCHISCO or NAPPHISCO. This crosswalk can be retrieved from: https://github.com/rlzijdeman/o-clack/tree/master/crosswalks/occhisco_to_hisco#HISCO is the European standard for occupational coding and can be used to generate HISCLASS, SOCPO and HISCAM classifications. The necessary conversion table has been made available by Mandemakers et al. and is available on: https://socialhistory.org/en/hsn/hsn-standardized-hisco-coded-and-classified-occupational-titles-release-201301?language=en#Occ1950 is the US standard for occupational coding. The occupational coding system is based on the US Census of 1950 and can be transferred into OCCSCORE, PRESGL, SEI, and Nam-Powers-Boyd. Crosswalks are available on request: https://usa.ipums.org/usa/vols_4_5_index.shtml

社会阶级及其对应测量方案的研究在欧洲与美国呈现各自独立的发展脉络。两大洲均拥有标准化职业编码体系，可转化为涵盖广泛范围的社会经济地位测量维度。本数据集包含两种标准化历史职业编码体系间的对应转换表（crosswalk）：国际历史职业分类标准（Historical International Standardized Classification of Occupations, HISCO）与1950年美国人口普查职业编码体系（Occ1950）。

国际历史职业分类标准（HISCO）为欧洲职业编码的通用标准，可用于生成如HISCLASS、SOCPO及HISCAM等社会阶级分类体系。美国人口普查局1950年标准职业编码体系（Occ1950）则是美国职业编码的通用标准，可用于生成NPBOSS、OCCSCORE、PRESGL及SEI等社会阶级分类体系。通过该对应转换表，可将HISCO转换为美国社会阶级编码体系，亦可将Occ1950转换为欧洲社会阶级编码体系。

两类体系的职业类别基于底层职业进行关联匹配。HISCO与Occ1950均包含多层级职业分组：HISCO划分为7个大类、76个中类、296个小类以及1675个细类，大致对应社会阶级、行业领域、职业群体及职业子群体；而Occ1950则划分为10个社会阶级与269个职业群体。HISCO的细类与Occ1950的职业子群体均基于有详细文档记录的职业类别构建，可在两类编码体系间便捷地进行比较与匹配。

在从HISCO到Occ1950的转换过程中，1675个职业类别被合并为229个唯一的Occ1950职业群体。尽管Occ1950中有40个职业群体无法从HISCO中匹配到，但所有职业均已成功归属至正确的社会阶级。反之，Occ1950中的269个职业群体被重新编码为227个HISCO细类。这227个唯一编码在HISCO分类体系的各个分支中分布均匀，覆盖了绝大多数的HISCO小类。

请注意，本对应转换表并非美国国家人口研究项目（NAPP）所使用的、介于Occ1950与中间版HISCO（即OCCHISCO或NAPPHISCO）之间的转换表。该转换表可从以下网址获取：https://github.com/rlzijdeman/o-clack/tree/master/crosswalks/occhisco_to_hisco

国际历史职业分类标准（HISCO）为欧洲职业编码的通用标准，可用于生成HISCLASS、SOCPO及HISCAM分类体系。Mandemakers等人已制作了必要的转换表，可通过以下网址获取：https://socialhistory.org/en/hsn/hsn-standardized-hisco-coded-and-classified-occupational-titles-release-201301?language=en

1950年美国人口普查职业编码体系（Occ1950）为美国职业编码的通用标准，该编码体系基于1950年美国人口普查数据，可转换为OCCSCORE、PRESGL、SEI及Nam-Powers-Boyd分类体系。相关转换表可通过申请获取：https://usa.ipums.org/usa/vols_4_5_index.shtml

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集提供了HISCO（欧洲标准历史职业编码）与Occ1950（美国1950年人口普查职业编码）之间的交叉映射，允许用户在这两种标准化职业编码方案之间进行转换，以支持跨大洲的社会经济地位和阶层研究。数据集将HISCO的1,675个微组映射到229个Occ1950职业组，同时将Occ1950的269个职业组转换为227个HISCO微组，确保了职业类别的广泛覆盖和准确对应。