Results of shorebird community PERMANOVA analyses testing for significance of variation among tidal flats.

PERMANOVA analyses used a randomized block design, and tidal stages were analyzed individually. Resulting P-values were obtained by permutation unless otherwise noted. Ellipses (…) indicate no data (flat pairs not exposed at that tidal stage). DF, degrees of freedom (Flat, Date, Total); BR, Broad Flat; IS, Island Flat; SE, Semi-Enclosed Flat; TC, Tidal Creek Flat.†P-values were obtained using Monte Carlo sampling because low sample size did not yield enough possible permutations to get a reasonable test using the permutation method.