The extent of intraspecific variation in trait‒environment relationships is an open question with limited empirical support in crops. In organic agriculture, with high environmental heterogeneity, thi
Organic farming supports higher biodiversity than conventional farming, but at the cost of lower yields. We conducted a meta-analysis quantifying the trade-off between biodiversity and yield, compar
We investigated the amount of soil phosphorus (P) in a farmer’s paddy fields under organic farming (OF) for various periods from 0 to 22 years as well as other farmers’ fields under conventional farmi