This study compared the outcome of the Swedish Official Control (OC) with that of two other well-established protocols for assessing animal welfare in dairy cows, ‘Ask the Cow’ (AC) and Welfare Qualit
Bacillus-based direct-fed microbials (DFM) are common in various production livestock diets. They have shown positive benefits on gut health, immune metrics, and production. Thus, objectives were to e
The objective of this study was to describe daily body weight (BW) changes in the first 100 days of lactation in confined dairy cows and to associate BW loss with productive and reproductive performan