IDENTIFICATION OF SELECTED JASMINUM SPECIES IN THAILAND BASED ON MICROSCOPIC CHARACTERISTICS AND RAPD FINGERPRINTING
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Jasminum, one of the largest genus in family Oleaceae, comprised of more than 200 species. Several species of Jasminum have a long history of usage in traditional medicine, perfumery and flavoring tea. They play an important role in antidepressant, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, and diuretics. Many Jasminum species possess the similar morphology and vernacular name resulting in unintentional substitution. Plant identification plays an important role for herbal usage. Thirty Jasminum accessions in Thailand were investigated for their leaf microscopic characteristics and leaf constant numbers (epidermal cell number, epidermal cell area, stomatal number, stomatal index, palisade ratio, trichome number, vein islet number, and vein termination numbers) as well as RAPD fingerprinting. The microscopic results showed anisocytic type of stomata. Two Jasminum accessions (J. funale Decne. subsp. sotepense (Craib) P. S. Green and J. fluminense Vahl subsp. gratissimum) had stomata on both adaxial and abaxial surface of the leaves which can be used for identification of these two species whereas the 28 remaining accessions had stomata on abaxial surface. Moreover, J. funale Decne subsp. satepense, J. humile and J. cordatum had the irregular shape of epidermal cell whereas the lease 27 Jasminum accessions had square shape. The present or absent of trichome among 30 Jasminum accessions could be divide into three clusters; cluster 1 had no trichome (4 accessions), cluster 2 had trichome on both adaxial and abaxial surface (5 accessions), and cluster 3 had trichome on abaxial side of the leaf (21 accessions). Combination of several microscopic characteristics and morphology are able to identify Jasminum accessions. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) marker was used to generate the phylogenetic relationships among 30 Jasminum accessions. The similarity index ranged from 0.022 – 0.477. The results from cluster analysis could be divided into 3 groups. In conclusion, leaf microscopic characteristics and leaf constant numbers as well as RAPD fingerprinting can be used to identify 30 Jasminum accessions. Moreover, the data obtained from this study are providing additional information for further identification of medicinal plant species.
素馨属（Jasminum）是木犀科（Oleaceae）最大的属之一，包含超过200个物种。该属多个物种在传统医药、香料调配及茶叶调香领域拥有悠久的应用历史，在抗抑郁、镇痛、抗炎、抗菌及利尿等方面发挥重要作用。许多素馨属物种形态相似且俗名雷同，易造成误用混淆。植物鉴定在草药应用中具有关键意义。本研究对泰国的30份素馨属种质材料开展研究，分析其叶片显微特征及叶片恒数性状（包括表皮细胞数、表皮细胞面积、气孔数、气孔指数、栅表比、毛茸数、脉岛数及脉梢数），同时进行随机扩增多态性DNA（RAPD）指纹图谱分析。显微观测结果显示其气孔为不等细胞型（anisocytic）。两份素馨属种质材料（J. funale Decne. subsp. sotepense (Craib) P. S. Green及J. fluminense Vahl subsp. gratissimum）的叶片近轴面与远轴面均分布有气孔，该特征可用于区分这两个物种；其余28份种质材料仅在叶片远轴面分布气孔。此外，J. funale Decne subsp. satepense、J. humile及J. cordatum的表皮细胞呈不规则形态，其余27份素馨属种质材料的表皮细胞均为方形。基于30份素馨属种质材料的毛茸有无特征，可将其划分为3个类群：类群1无任何毛茸（共4份种质），类群2在叶片近轴面与远轴面均具毛茸（共5份种质），类群3仅在叶片远轴面分布毛茸（共21份种质）。结合多项显微特征与形态性状，即可实现素馨属种质材料的准确鉴定。本研究采用RAPD标记构建30份素馨属种质材料的系统发育关系，种质间的相似性指数范围为0.022~0.477，聚类分析结果可将供试种质划分为3个类群。综上，叶片显微特征、叶片恒数性状结合RAPD指纹图谱，可实现30份素馨属种质材料的准确鉴定。本研究所得数据可为药用植物物种的后续鉴定提供补充参考依据。
