In-situ coagulation combined with activated alumina filtration to control ultrafiltration gravity-driven membrane fouling by algae-rich water: The role of biofouling layer and bio-community

In this work, in-situ coagulation (C) and activated alumina filtration (AA) were separately or together employed as the pretreatment prior to gravity-driven membrane (GDM) for algae-contaminated surface water treatment (CGDM, AA/GDM and CAA/GDM).