Data from: They like it cold, but only in winter: climate‐mediated effects on a hibernator

Variations in ambient temperature (Ta) profoundly influence energy consumption in endotherms and therefore their survival and fitness. But depending on whether endotherms are hibernating or active, the same changes in Ta may have opposing consequences for their energy consumption. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate how variations in Ta, occurring during hibernation and during the active period of a hibernator, affect different fitness relevant traits. To understand whether changes in Ta impact phenology, body mass and reproduction in a small mammalian hibernator, we analysed Ta variations and detailed capture-mark-recapture data on edible dormice (Glis glis) collected between 1993 and 2016 in South-West Germany. Results revealed that during hibernation a Ta increase of 1°C advanced the date of first capture after hibernation by 6 days, but only if food availability during the preceding year was low. In contrast, after years of comparatively high food availability, date of first capture was not affected by Ta, but dormice had a significantly lower body mass after emergence, if Ta during hibernation was elevated (3 to 6g per 1°C). We presume that an earlier emergence as well as a lower body mass after emergence potentially reduce the chance to survive. During the active period of edible dormice, mean spring Ta a did not affect the date of birth but was positively associated with litter size, potentially improving reproductive success. Results of this study highlight that, depending on the physiological state of a hibernator, an increase in Ta can have positive and negative effects on fitness relevant traits.环境温度（Ta）的波动对内温动物（endotherms）的能量消耗具有深远影响，进而作用于其生存与进化适合度（fitness）。然而，内温动物处于冬眠或活动状态时，相同的Ta变化可能对其能量消耗产生截然相反的效应。因此，本研究旨在探讨冬眠期与冬眠动物活动期内发生的Ta波动，如何影响与进化适合度相关的各类性状。为探明Ta变化是否会影响小型哺乳类冬眠动物的物候学（phenology）、体重与繁殖情况，我们分析了1993年至2016年间在德国西南部收集的欧洲睡鼠（Glis glis）的Ta波动数据与详细的标记重捕法（capture-mark-recapture）数据。研究结果显示，在冬眠期间，若前一年食物可获得性较低，Ta每升高1℃，冬眠后首次捕获日期会提前6天。与之相反，若前一年食物可获得性较高，首次捕获日期不受Ta变化影响，但当冬眠期Ta升高时，睡鼠出眠后的体重会显著降低（每1℃变化对应3至6克的体重降幅）。我们推测，出眠提前以及出眠后体重偏低，可能会降低个体的生存概率。在欧洲睡鼠的活动期内，春季平均Ta并未影响其产仔日期，但与窝仔数（litter size）呈正相关，这可能提升繁殖成功率（reproductive success）。本研究结果表明，根据冬眠动物的生理状态不同，Ta升高对与进化适合度相关的性状的影响可能兼具正负效应。

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集基于1993年至2016年在德国西南部收集的可食用睡鼠捕获-标记-再捕获数据，研究环境温度变化对冬眠动物适应性特征的影响。数据集包含出生日期、体重、首次捕获和窝仔数等关键变量，揭示了温度在冬眠期和活跃期对动物表型、能量消耗和繁殖的不同效应，强调气候因素如何通过生理状态调节冬眠动物的生存和繁殖成功率。