De Novo Annotation Reveals Transcriptomic Complexity Across the Hexaploid Wheat Pan-Genome

Wheat is the most widely cultivated crop in the world, with over 215 million hectares grown annually. The 10+ Wheat Genomes Project recently sequenced and assembled to chromosome-level the genomes of nine wheat cultivars, uncovering genetic diversity and selection within the pan-genome of wheat. Here, we provide a wheat pan-transcriptome with de novo annotation and differential expression analysis for these wheat cultivars across multiple tissues. Analysis of these de novo annotations facilitated the identification of cultivar-specific genes and defined the core and dispensable genomes. Expression analysis across cultivars and tissues revealed conservation in expression between a large core set of homeologous genes, but also widespread changes in subgenome homeolog expression bias between cultivars and cultivar-specific expression profiles. In a case study utilising both the newly constructed gene-based wheat pan-genome and pan-transcriptome, we demonstrate variation in the prolamin superfamily and immune-reactive proteins across cultivars.The datasets provided here are detailed in _README_contents.xlsx