To investigate the paracrine effects of stromal elements on cancer cells, we developed a “stromal” culture system, which incorporates structural and diffusible stroma-derived elements into homotypic c
The proprotein convertase (PC) furin cleaves precursor proteins, an important step in the activation of many cancer-associated proteins. Substrates of furin and furin-like PCs play a role in prolifera
Tumor angiogenesis is regulated by pro- and anti-angiogenic factors. Anti-angiogenic agents target the interconnected network of angiogenic factors to inhibit neovascularization, which subsequently im
a “−” presents a decrease in tumor size and “+” presents an increase in tumor sizes; more “+” marks indicate rapid growth.Three types in the balance of pro- and anti-angiogenesis.
