School Climate, Teacher Characteristics, and School Discipline: Evidence from New York City

The study relies on administrative and teacher survey data for NYCPS maintained by the Research Alliance for New York City Schools (RANYCS), and represents longitudinal information across the 32 geographic school districts in NYCPS from the 2011-12 to the 2018-19 school years for middle schools (grades 6 through 8), high schools (grades 9 through 12), and schools serving any combination of grades 6 through 12 (i.e., schools with grades K through 8, K through 12, and 6 through 12).