ESS RI Raw Data Dickson Jun-16.xlsx

OBJECTIVES: To establish transthoracic echocardiographic reference intervals in adult English springer spaniel dogs. METHODS: Forty-two healthy adult English springer spaniels were prospectively recruited from a general practice population in the UK. Animals were examined twice, at least 12 months apart, to exclude dogs with progressive cardiac disease. Reference intervals were calculated using Box-Cox transformations and specific variables were depicted within an expert consensus range. Relationships of body mass, age and heart rate with cardiac structure and function were examined and functional assessments were compared with previous reports. Reference intervals were compared against published ratiometric indices and allometric scaling models. RESULTS: Thirty-nine dogs contributed to create the reference intervals. Significant relationships with body weight, age and heart rate were detected, although low coefficients of determination were found. Fractional shortening values were lower than has been reported in many breeds but Simpson-derived ejection fractions were similar to previously published breed-specific values. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Breed-specific reference intervals are reported allowing for more appropriate interpretation of echocardiographic assessments in the English springer spaniel.研究目的：建立成年英国史宾格犬的经胸超声心动图（transthoracic echocardiography）参考区间。 研究方法：前瞻性从英国普通执业兽医群体中招募42只健康成年英国史宾格犬。对受试犬开展两次检查，两次检查间隔至少12个月，以排除存在进行性心脏疾病的个体。采用Box-Cox变换计算参考区间，并将特定变量纳入专家共识参考范围。分析体质量、年龄及心率与心脏结构和功能的相关性，将功能评估结果与既往研究报道进行对比；同时将本次建立的参考区间与已发表的比率指数及异速缩放模型进行比对。 研究结果：最终有39只犬的数据用于参考区间的建立。尽管决定系数较低，但检测到体质量、年龄及心率与心脏指标存在显著相关性。分数缩短率低于多数犬品种的已有报道值，但辛普森法射血分数（Simpson-derived ejection fraction）与既往发表的品种特异性数值相近。 临床意义：本研究报道了英国史宾格犬专属的参考区间，可为该品种的超声心动图评估提供更精准合理的解读依据。