Contiguous United States County Population and Area-Weighted Daily ERA5-Land Temperature 1970 to 2024

Daily mean, maximum, and minimum 2-meter air temperature measures are assessed across contiguous United States county boundaries using ERA5-Land data. Daily summary metrics include both area-weighted and population-weighted aggregations of temperature, capturing spatial temperature exposure with respect to county area and population distribution from 1970 through 2024. County boundaries follow the U.S. Census Bureau definitions. Data is organized by decade and distributed in compressed ZIP files for each ten-year interval.