NRS-1021 | New South Wales Charter of Justice, Letters Patent, 1787 (Manuscript)

The New South Wales Court Act 1787, dated 2 April 1787, provided for the establishment of the first New South Wales Courts by executive action, achieved with the issue of these Letters Patent.This copy of the Charter of Justice was the official one sent to the Colony. It was probably held initially by the Secretary to the Governor and later maintained by the Colonial Secretary's Department The New South Wales Charter of Justice, Letters Patent is the authority for the establishment of the first New South Wales Courts of Criminal and Civil Jurisdiction. The Charter of Justice is in the form of Letters Patent providing for a Deputy Judge-Advocate and six court officers to be appointed by the Governor and the establishment of a Civil Court. The Governor was required to give his permission to any death sentence imposed by the Court, and was empowered to give pardons. The Civil Court had the power to deal with disputes over property and had jurisdiction over wills and estates. As the provision for establishing a Civil Court had not been included in the Act there was no legislative basis for its foundation.The Charter was superseded on 2 April 1814 by the second Charter of Justice.1787年4月2日签署的《新南威尔士法院法》（New South Wales Court Act 1787）规定，可通过行政行动设立首个新南威尔士法院，该设立流程通过颁发《专利特许状》（Letters Patent）得以完成。本次提供的《司法宪章》（Charter of Justice）副本为送往该殖民地的官方正式版本，最初大概率由总督秘书保管，后由殖民秘书署（Colonial Secretary's Department）留存管理。新南威尔士《司法宪章》以专利特许状为法定形式，是设立首个新南威尔士刑事与民事管辖法院的授权依据。该宪章规定由总督任命一名副军法检察官（Deputy Judge-Advocate）及六名法院官员，并设立民事法院；总督须对法院作出的所有死刑判决予以核准，同时拥有赦免权。民事法院有权处理财产纠纷，并对遗嘱与遗产拥有管辖权。由于《新南威尔士法院法》未纳入设立民事法院的相关条款，因此该民事法院的设立缺乏立法基础。该宪章于1814年4月2日被第二部《司法宪章》取代。

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集是新南威尔士1787年宪章的手稿，是建立该地区首个刑事和民事法院的权威法律文件。它以专利特许状形式规定了法院的组成和职能，包括副法官辩护人的任命和民事法院对财产纠纷的管辖权，具有重要的历史价值，时间覆盖1787年至1814年。