ESS11

The European Social Survey (ESS) is an academically driven, cross-national survey, founded in 2001. It has been administered in 40 countries to date. The survey measures the attitudes, beliefs and behaviour patterns of diverse populations in more than thirty nations. The main aims of the ESS are to:

• operate a Research Infrastructure providing high quality data measuring change (and stability) over time within and between European countries in their living conditions, social structure, public opinion and attitudes;
• practise and promote the highest scientific standards in cross-national comparative research in the social sciences;
• continue the development of ESS infrastructure through ongoing methodological research and innovation;
• facilitate training in the effective use of ESS data;
• ensure the visibility, accessibility and reach of ESS data among researchers in the social sciences and beyond, policy makers and the wider public, at both the national and international levels.

The survey involves strict random probability sampling, aims for a high response rate and uses rigorous translation protocols.

The 11th ESS round covers 31 countries.

ESS data collection is based on an hour-long face-to-face interview. The survey includes questions on a variety of core topics repeated from previous rounds of the survey and two modules developed for Round 11. These are “Gender in Contemporary Europe: Rethinking Equality and the Backlash” and “Social Inequalities in Health and their Determinants”. The latter is a partial repeat of a module from Round 7.

From Round 7 the ESS has been legally established as a European Research Infrastructure Consortium (ERIC). Central costs are funded through ESS ERIC membership fees (Members, Observers and Guests), while costs of fieldwork and national coordination are funded nationally.

欧洲社会调查（European Social Survey，ESS）是一项由学术机构主导的跨国调查项目，始建于2001年。截至目前，该调查已在40个国家落地实施，旨在衡量三十余个国家内不同人口群体的态度、信念与行为模式。欧洲社会调查的核心目标如下：
• 搭建并运营研究基础设施，提供可用于追踪欧洲各国国内及各国之间在生活条件、社会结构、公共舆论与态度层面随时间变化（与稳定性）情况的高质量数据；
• 在社会科学领域的跨国比较研究中践行并推广最高水准的科学研究标准；
• 通过持续开展方法学研究与技术创新，持续完善欧洲社会调查的基础设施体系；
• 推动面向高效使用欧洲社会调查数据的专业培训；
• 确保欧洲社会调查数据在国家及国际层面的可见性、可获取性与传播覆盖范围，覆盖社会科学及其他领域的研究人员、政策制定者与广大公众。

该调查采用严格的随机概率抽样方法，追求较高的有效应答率，并使用严谨规范的翻译规程。欧洲社会调查第11轮调查覆盖31个国家。

数据采集采用时长一小时的面对面访谈形式。本次调查包含多组源自往届调查的核心议题问卷，以及专为第11轮开发的两个模块，分别为「当代欧洲的性别议题：重新审视平等与反弹效应」及「健康领域的社会不平等及其决定因素」。其中第二个模块是对第7轮调查中某一模块的部分复用。

自第7轮调查起，欧洲社会调查已正式以欧洲研究基础设施联盟（European Research Infrastructure Consortium，ERIC）的法人实体身份运作。项目核心运营成本由ESS ERIC的会员费（包括正式会员、观察员与特邀嘉宾）承担，而实地调研与全国协调的相关成本则由各国自行负担。