A longitudinal study of age-related changes in Haemoproteus infection in a passerine bird

Blood parasites such as malaria and related haemosporidians commonly infect vertebrate species including birds. Understanding age-specific patterns of parasite infections is crucial for quantifying the fitness consequences of parasitism for hosts and for understanding parasite transmission dynamics. We analyzed longitudinal and cross-sectional infection data in house martins Delichon urbica, a migratory bird suffering from intense haemosporidian infection. We separated within- from among-individual effects of age on prevalence. Our results showed that the probability of blood parasite infection increased as individual house martins aged. We also showed that the prevalence of infection decreased with age at last reproduction when controlling for age, showing a selective disappearance of infected birds from the population (i.e. selection). The estimated effect of age on prevalence was underestimated two- to three-fold if not accounting for such selection. This study highlights the importa...