groundwater infiltration

This map shows the extent to which rainwater can be infiltrated into the top layer of the soil. Based on the soil map and the groundwater map (m-mv) with depth of the groundwater table, the infiltration map was drawn up. This combines the soil type data, with their estimated infiltration capacity, and the groundwater levels to give an estimate of the infiltration sensitivity. This infiltration sensitivity is visually displayed on the infiltration card. In the context of rainwater policy and the principles of optimal separation with the aim of promoting the natural runoff and infiltration of rainwater, it is important to have an insight into the soil condition and infiltration sensitivity of the upper soil layer in Antwerp. In this way, the integration of water management into urban design can be controlled more effectively and efficiently, as well as the localisation of infiltration-prone areas for future construction projects. For example, city authorities regularly receive questions from contractors, architects and design offices about the possibility of infiltration on a particular plot. This information is also important in the design and implementation of public urban renewal works. The layout of geohydrological maps can contribute to a better alignment between spatial planning, public space design, green management and water management. It is quite possible to save costs by combining multiple management aspects with the construction of green-blue structures: tackling flooding, combating soil desiccation, developing more urban nature and biodiversity. Finally, these data are used as substantiation in the preparation of the rainwater plan; a plan indicating at district level how much infiltration and/or buffer capacity is desirable and in which forms (e.g. collective wadi, canal or pond). The contract concerns the preparation of four geohydrological maps, in particular: a soil map, a groundwater map (meter - ground level) with an annual average depth of the phreatic groundwater table below street level, a groundwater map with annual average levels relative to the topographic reference level (meter -/+ TAW) and an infiltration map of the Antwerp region. The study is part of the characterisation of the subsurface of Antwerp with a view to the localisation of infiltration-prone areas for future construction projects. These maps describe the entire regionthe territory of Antwerp (city of Antwerp with its 9 districts and submunicipalities), with the exception of the Antwerp port area. For the right bank of the Antwerp port area, the possibilities of rainwater infiltration and buffering have already been investigated (What about rainwater in the Antwerp port area?, IMDC iov Port of Antwerp and Alfaport, 2013). In function of the calibration and calculation of groundwater and groundwater data, it was important to integrate the port area into the model area. . The study area is bounded to the north, east, south and west respectively by the national border and municipalities of Berendrecht, Deurne, HobokenStabroek, Kapellen, Brasschaat, Schoten Wijnegem, Wommelgem, Borsbeek, Mortsel, Edegem, Aartselaar, Hemiksem and LinkeroeverZwijndrecht.本地图展示了雨水可渗入土壤表层的程度。本入渗（infiltration）地图基于土壤图与标注地下水位深度的地下水图（单位：m-mv）绘制完成，整合了土壤类型数据及其估算入渗能力，以及地下水位数据，以此估算入渗敏感性。该入渗敏感性已在入渗图层中可视化呈现。 在雨水政策以及以促进雨水自然径流与入渗为目标的最优分流原则框架下，深入了解安特卫普地区表层土壤的状况与入渗敏感性至关重要。借此可更高效精准地将水管理纳入城市设计统筹考量，同时也能为未来建设项目精准定位易入渗区域。 举例而言，市政当局常会收到承包商、建筑师及设计事务所关于特定地块的雨水入渗可行性咨询。这类信息在城市公共更新工程的设计与实施环节同样具备重要价值。 水文地质（geohydrological）图的编制可助力空间规划、公共空间设计、绿地管理与水管理之间的协同适配。通过将多项管理维度与蓝绿基础设施（green-blue structures）建设相结合，可有效实现成本节约：例如应对洪涝灾害、防治土壤干旱、拓展城市自然生态空间与生物多样性。 最后，此类数据可作为雨水规划编制的佐证依据：该规划需明确各街区所需的入渗与/或缓冲容量及其实现形式（例如集体式旱溪（wadi）、沟渠或池塘）。 本项目合同涉及四张水文地质图的编制，具体包括：土壤图、标注潜水位（phreatic groundwater table）距路面年平均埋深的地下水图（单位：米-地面高度）、以地形基准面（topographic reference level, TAW）为参照的年平均地下水位地下水图（单位：米±TAW），以及安特卫普地区入渗地图。 本研究属于安特卫普地区地下特征刻画工作的一部分，旨在为未来建设项目定位易入渗区域。 这些地图覆盖安特卫普全域（含安特卫普市下辖的9个行政区与次市级行政单位），但安特卫普港区除外。针对安特卫普港区右岸，其雨水入渗与缓冲潜力已完成调研（《安特卫普港区雨水现状如何？》，IMDC iov 安特卫普港与Alfaport，2013年）。 为实现地下水位与地下水数据的校准与计算，需将港区纳入模型研究范围。 本研究区域的北、东、南、西边界分别为国界及以下市镇：贝伦德里赫特（Berendrecht）、德尔讷（Deurne）、霍博肯和斯塔布鲁克（HobokenStabroek）、卡珀伦（Kapellen）、布拉沙特（Brasschaat）、斯霍滕和维内赫姆（Schoten Wijnegem）、沃梅尔赫姆（Wommelgem）、博斯贝克（Borsbeek）、莫特塞尔（Mortsel）、埃德赫姆（Edegem）、阿尔瑟拉尔（Aartselaar）、埃米克瑟姆（Hemiksem）以及林克罗弗和津德雷赫特（LinkeroeverZwijndrecht）。