OBJECTIVES: Dysregulation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis has frequently been reported in multiple sclerosis (MS). So far, HPA axis function in MS has predominantly been studied under
EBV viral load (copies per μg DNA) was grouped into 3 categories: Low: 100 to 999; moderate: 1000 to 1999, and high: ≥2000/μg DNA. Of the 40 cases with measurable viral load, 3 cases were from non-MS
Neutrophils, the most abundant white blood cells in human circulation, play a crucial role in innate immunity. One of their key defense mechanisms is the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (N
Cross-sectional, hypothesis-free proteomic study aimed at identifying novel serum biomarkers in MS. A stepwise, or“triangular” biomarker discovery strategy was employed. This approach began with an ex