Human infants and nonhuman animals respond to surprising events by looking longer at unexpected-than-expected situations. These looking responses provide core cognitive evidence that nonverbal minds m
Female mate choice may drive sexual selection, but discerning whether female behaviors reflect the free expression of choice or responses to constraints can be difficult. We investigated the efficac
While competition is generally presumed to promote intraspecific niche diversification, populations of many apparent generalist species still exhibit considerable individual variation in foraging sp
In temporal discounting, animals trade off the time to obtain a reward against the quality of a reward, choosing between a smaller reward available sooner versus a larger reward available later. Simil
