Though pleiotropy, the capability of a gene affecting multiple phenotypes, has been well-known as one of common gene properties, a quantitative estimation remains a great challenge, simply because of
Pleiotropy is the phenomenon that a gene affects multiple phenotypes. The extent of pleiotropy is still disputed, mainly because of power issues. A further challenge is that empirical tests of pleiotr
In the wild, organismal life cycles occur within seasonal cycles, so shifts in the timing of developmental transitions can alter the seasonal environment experienced subsequently. Effects of genes tha
