Summary of findings for low carbohydrate diets compared with balanced diets for overweight and obese adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus at 1–2 years follow-up.

CI: Confidence interval; aNote this is the univariate average change observed between follow-up and baseline in the control group. GRADE Working Group grades of evidence. High quality: Further research is very unlikely to change our confidence in the estimate of effect. Moderate quality: Further research is likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate of effect and may change the estimate. Low quality: Further research is very likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate of effect and is likely to change the estimate. Very low quality: We are very uncertain about the estimate. 1Downgraded by 1 for risk of bias: 2 of 4 studies did not report adequate allocation concealment. 1 study had high total attrition (>20%) and 2 studies had differential attrition. 2Downgraded by 1 for imprecision: The 95% confidence interval includes both a loss of 2.08 kg and a gain of 3.89 kg. 3Downgraded by 1 for risk of bias: 2 of 4 studies did not report adequate allocation concealment, 2 studies had high total attrition (>20%), 2 studies had differential attrition. 4Downgraded by 1 for risk of bias: 1 of 3 studies did not report adequate allocation concealment. 2 studies had high total attrition (>20%), 2 studies had differential attrition. 5Downgraded by 1 for imprecision: confidence interval range is about 0.7 mmol/L.