Painful and stressful procedures and analgesia in newborns from the viewpoint of professionals

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify the procedures considered painful and stressful by health professionals from a neonatal intensive care unit and check the measures of analgesia. Method: Descriptive exploratory quantitative study with 65 health professionals, from November 2016 to February 2017. Results: The procedures considered painful were removal of adhesives, vein, arterial and lumbar puncture, phlebotomy, and thoracic drainage. Oral suctioning, intravenous catheter removal and tracheal extubation were considered stressful. Fentanyl was the most cited pharmacological measure, and restraint and nonnutritive suction were the most used nonpharmacological measures. Conclusion: Professionals were able to classify the painful and stressful procedures; however, low use of measures for analgesia was evidenced.摘要 目的：明确新生儿重症监护病房（Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, NICU）医护人员认定具有疼痛性与应激性的临床操作，并调研镇痛措施的应用情况。 方法：本研究为描述性探索性定量研究，纳入65名医护人员，调研周期为2016年11月至2017年2月。 结果：被认定具有疼痛性的操作包括去除敷料、静脉穿刺、动脉穿刺及腰椎穿刺、静脉采血以及胸腔引流；经口吸痰、静脉导管拔除及气管拔管则被认定具有应激性。芬太尼（Fentanyl）是被提及最多的药物性镇痛措施，而约束固定与非营养性吸吮则是最常用的非药物性镇痛措施。 结论：医护人员能够对疼痛性与应激性操作进行分类，但研究显示镇痛措施的整体使用率偏低。