Antidiabetic and hypolipidemic potential of Campomanesia xanthocarpa seed extract obtained by supercritical CO2

Abstract Campomanesia xanthocarpa, a plant belonging to the Myrtaceae family, is popularly known as gabiroba. Leaves of gabiroba has been popularly used to treat various diseases, including inflammatory, renal, and digestive, among others. Additionally, studies have shown an effect to reduce blood cholesterol levels. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antihyperglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of Campomanesia xanthocarpa seed extract in hyperglycemic rats. The results showed that 400 mg/kg of seed extract was able to decrease blood glucose levels and to increase the muscular and hepatic glycogen content as well as to inhibit the sucrase and maltase activity. At doses of 200 mg/kg and 800 mg/kg, the activity of these enzymes was also reduced. In the lipid profile 400 mg/kg produced a decrease in total and LDL cholesterol serum levels; and with 200 mg/kg there was an increase in HDL cholesterol levels. The extract did not present hepatic and renal toxic effects at the different doses tested. The results suggest that the treatment with Campomanesia xanthocarpa seeds extract is useful in reducing glycemia, total cholesterol and LDL levels with potential adjuvant therapeutic in the treatment of diabetes and hypercholesterolemia, however, additional pharmacological and toxicological studies are still required.摘要 黄果南美稔（Campomanesia xanthocarpa）为桃金娘科（Myrtaceae）植物，俗称加比罗巴（gabiroba）。加比罗巴的叶片常被用于治疗多种病症，涵盖炎症性疾病、肾脏疾病及消化系统疾病等。此外，已有研究证实其具备降低血清胆固醇水平的功效。本研究旨在探究黄果南美稔种子提取物对高血糖大鼠的抗高血糖与降血脂作用。实验结果显示，400mg/kg剂量的种子提取物可降低血糖水平，提升肌肉与肝糖原含量，并能抑制蔗糖酶与麦芽糖酶活性；200mg/kg与800mg/kg剂量组同样可降低上述两种酶的活性。在血脂谱方面，400mg/kg剂量可降低血清总胆固醇与低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL cholesterol）水平，200mg/kg剂量则可提升高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL cholesterol）水平。各受试剂量下，该提取物均未表现出肝、肾毒性。本研究结果表明，黄果南美稔种子提取物疗法可有效降低血糖、总胆固醇及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平，在糖尿病与高胆固醇血症的治疗中具备潜在辅助治疗价值，但仍需开展更多药理学与毒理学相关研究。