DEFRAM

DEFRAM is a project that was funded by the Swedish Energy Agency. The project started on the 10th of December 2012 and ended on May 10, 2013. The project was run at Linköping University and involved researchers from the Department of Energy Systems at Linköping University (Patrik Thollander) and the Department of Computer and Information Science at Linköping University (Eva Blomqvist), and was implemented in close cooperation with the Swedish Energy Agency (Coordinator: Lara Kruse). Project Manager was Eva Blomqvist, Linköping University. The project started from three datasets: (1) IAC's (Industrial Assessment Center) database of around 120 000 recommendations (until late 2012), which is by the way the world's largest energy audit program with more than 10,000 energy audits performed so far, (2) results from the Swedish PFE project, from the first program period, and (3) the results of the Swedish Energy Agency's energy audit support, the so-called "energy audit checks" (EKC), during 2011-2012. To demonstrate the user benefits and usefulness in linking these data sources have first created an OWL vocabulary, i.e., a new common data model for the datasets, built as a vocabulary for representing the data elements, and most of the actual data were then transferred to the RDF format, structured according to the new vocabulary. For interlinking the different data sources a number of manual mappings have been implemented. Among other things, measures were as far as possible reclassified according to a new taxonomy of task types developed by Energy Systems researchers at Linköping University. To integrate IAC data with Swedish data, a mapping was also made both between the IAC's ARC codes (action types) and the taxonomy, as well as between the industrial classification SIC (used by IAC) and the Swedish SNI-2007. The result of this work is published through a so-called SPARQL endpoint, which provides direct access to the linked data stored in an underlying triple store. In the current release (as of 2013-09), there are about 2,200 Swedish recommended measures published, and 120,000 recommendations from IAC. Access to these data can be gained through an interface for writing your own SPARQL queries, as well as a demonstration interface for end users (in Swedish), where questions can be formulated through various menu options. The complete dataset can also be downloaded as an RDF-dump. Note that a continuous quality control going on, so data can be changed and the project or its participants cannot be held responsible for any errors in the data - the results are used at your own risk. Note also that the result is a demonstration of what is possible to implement, not a full-scale operational solution - we can not guarantee the uptime and response times for the demo service. Purpose: The long term vision of the project is to make data on energy audits more accessible, both for application developers and end users, such as auditors. The goal of this project is to make available a number of datasets containing technical energy efficiency improvement measures as Linked Data on the Web (for more information on what this means see the LOD project ). The material consists essentially of two different types of data; measurements of saved energy and action proposals (proposed workarounds for energy surveys and their estimated costs and estimated future savings). Data for direct download consists 6 data files in rdf format and associated documentation.

DEFRAM是由瑞典能源署（Swedish Energy Agency）资助的科研项目，于2012年12月10日启动，2013年5月10日正式结束，依托林雪平大学（Linköping University）实施。项目团队成员包括林雪平大学能源系统系的帕特里克·托兰德（Patrik Thollander）与计算机与信息科学系的伊娃·布隆奎斯特（Eva Blomqvist），并与瑞典能源署紧密协作开展工作，协调员为拉拉·克鲁泽（Lara Kruse），项目负责人为林雪平大学的伊娃·布隆奎斯特。

本项目的数据集源自三个数据源：（1）工业评估中心（Industrial Assessment Center，IAC）的数据库，截至2012年末收录了约12万条节能改造建议，该中心同时也是目前全球规模最大的能源审计项目，累计已完成超1万次能源审计工作；（2）瑞典PFE项目第一阶段的研究成果；（3）2011-2012年间瑞典能源署能源审计支持项目——即所谓的“能源审计核查（Energy Audit Checks，EKC）”的相关结果。

为验证多源数据关联的用户价值与实用效能，项目团队首先构建了OWL词汇集（OWL vocabulary），即面向本数据集的通用数据模型，用于规范数据元素的标准化表示；随后将绝大多数原始数据转换为符合该新词汇集结构的资源描述框架（Resource Description Framework，RDF）格式。为实现不同数据源的语义关联，项目团队完成了多组手动映射工作。此外，团队依据林雪平大学能源系统系研究者开发的全新任务类型分类体系，尽可能对所有节能措施进行了重新归类。为实现IAC数据与瑞典本地数据的融合，项目团队还完成了两组核心映射：一是将IAC的ARC代码（行动类型）与上述分类体系进行语义对齐，二是将IAC所使用的标准行业分类（Standard Industrial Classification，SIC）与瑞典SNI-2007行业分类标准进行映射。

本项目的研究成果通过SPARQL端点（SPARQL endpoint）发布，该端点可直接访问底层三元组存储库（triple store）中存储的关联数据。截至2013年9月的当前版本中，共发布了约2200条瑞典本地节能建议，以及12万条IAC的节能建议。用户可通过两种途径获取这些数据：一是支持编写自定义SPARQL查询语句的编程接口，二是面向终端用户的瑞典语演示界面，用户可通过各类菜单选项便捷提交查询请求。完整数据集也可通过RDF转储文件（RDF-dump）的形式批量下载。

请注意，项目仍在持续开展质量管控工作，数据可能会进行更新调整；项目组及所有参与方不对数据中的错误或疏漏承担责任，使用本研究成果需自行承担相关风险。同时需说明，本成果仅为技术可行性演示方案，并非全规模的正式运行系统，项目团队无法保证演示服务的正常运行时长与响应速度。

项目愿景与目标：本项目的长期愿景是提升能源审计数据的可访问性，惠及应用开发者与审计人员等各类终端用户。本项目的核心目标是将多组包含节能技术改造措施的数据集以关联数据（Linked Data）的形式发布至Web平台，相关概念详情可参阅关联开放数据（Linked Open Data，LOD）项目。本项目的数据集主要包含两类核心数据：节能效益实测数据与节能改造行动建议数据（即能源审计中提出的整改方案、预估实施成本及未来预期节能量）。可供直接下载的数据包含6份RDF格式的数据文件及配套的说明文档。

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

DEFRAM是一个关于能源效率评估的数据库，整合了来自瑞典和美国的多个数据源，包括约2,200项瑞典措施和约120,000项国际措施，以RDF格式和SPARQL端点提供访问。该项目由林雪平大学的研究人员领导，旨在提高能源评估数据的可访问性，支持能源节约和效率分析。