Distribution and pollination services of wild bees and hoverflies along an altitudinal gradient in mountain hay meadows

Extensively managed and flower rich mountain hay meadows, hotspots of Europe’s biodiversity, are subject to environmental and climatic gradients linked to altitude. While the shift of pollinators from bee to fly dominated communities with increasing elevation across vegetation zones is well established, the effect of highland altitudinal gradients on the community structure of pollinators within a specific habitat is poorly understood. We assessed wild bee and hoverfly communities, and their pollination service to three plant species common in mountain hay meadows, in eighteen extensively managed yellow oat grasslands (Trisetum flavescens) with an altitudinal gradient spanning approx. 300 meters. Species richness and abundance of pollinators increased with elevation, but no shift between hoverflies and wild bees (mainly bumblebees) occurred. Seedset of the woodland cranesbill (Geranium sylvaticum) increased with hoverfly abundance and seedset of the marsh thistle (Cirsium palustre) incr...