Supplementary information files for "Phenotypic plasticity of a Baetid mayfly larvae (<i>Baetis rhodani</i>) at sites with high levels of deposited fine sediment"

Supplementary files for article "Phenotypic plasticity of a Baetid mayfly larvae (<i>Baetis rhodani</i>) at sites with high levels of deposited fine sediment"<br>Excess fine sediment (particles &lt;2 mm) delivery and deposition in freshwater systems is a significant factor in structuring aquatic communities and populations.Invertebrate gill surfaces can become covered with fine sediment, potentially compromising osmoregulatory function. Ionocytes are specialised structures for osmoregulation found on the tracheal gills of mayflies. The number of cells has been shown to change in order to maintain osmoregulatory demands under environmentally variable conditions. To investigate whether ionocytes vary in response to fine sediment pressure, individuals of Baetis rhodani were collected from two high and low fine sediment cover sites, respectively, in the UK. Tracheal gills were subsequently examined for the number of ionocytes present on the upper and lower gill surfaces, standardised by gill size. Results indicated that the number of ionocytes was significantly higher for mayflies collected from areas with high fine sediment cover. High fine sediment sites were also characterised by lower altitude and dissolved oxygen concentrations. Mayfly gills collected from high sediment cover sites were also significantly larger than those collected from low sediment sites. The results illustrate the potential for mayfly larvae to demonstrate phenotypic plasticity to the pressures associated with fine sediment but that these responses are likely dependent on the composition of fine sediment deposits (organic or mineral) and associated oxygen concentrations.© The Authors, CC BY 4.0论文《沉积细颗粒高覆盖生境中四节蜉科蜉蝣幼虫（罗氏四节蜉，*Baetis rhodani*）的表型可塑性（phenotypic plasticity）》补充材料 淡水生态系统中，过量细颗粒沉积物（粒径＜2mm的颗粒）的输入与沉积，是塑造水生群落与种群结构的关键影响因素之一。无脊椎动物的鳃表面可被细颗粒沉积物附着覆盖，进而可能损害其渗透压调节（osmoregulatory function）功能。离子细胞（ionocytes）是特化的渗透压调节结构，分布于蜉蝣的气管鳃（tracheal gills）之上。已有研究证实，在环境波动条件下，该类细胞的数量会发生改变，以满足渗透压调节的需求。 为探究离子细胞是否会响应细颗粒沉积物压力产生变化，研究人员从英国境内两处分别具有高、低细颗粒沉积物覆盖度的采样点，采集了罗氏四节蜉的个体样本。随后研究人员对其气管鳃进行观察统计，计数鳃上下表面的离子细胞数量，并以鳃的尺寸作为标准化校正依据。 结果显示，采自高细颗粒沉积物覆盖区域的蜉蝣，其体内的离子细胞数量显著更高。高沉积物覆盖的采样点，同时具备更低的海拔与溶解氧（dissolved oxygen）浓度特征。采自高沉积物覆盖区域的蜉蝣鳃，其尺寸也显著大于低沉积物区域的样本。 本研究结果表明，蜉蝣幼虫具备响应细颗粒沉积物压力的表型可塑性潜能，但此类响应大概率取决于细颗粒沉积物的组成（有机来源或矿物来源）以及伴生的溶解氧浓度。 © The Authors, CC BY 4.0

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该数据集是研究细沉积物对Baetis rhodani蜉蝣幼虫表型可塑性影响的补充文件，通过比较高、低细沉积物覆盖区域的样本，发现高沉积物区域的幼虫鳃部离子细胞数量显著增加且鳃更大，表明幼虫可能通过表型可塑性适应环境压力，但响应受沉积物成分和氧气浓度影响。数据集涵盖进化生物学、生态学和环境科学领域，采用开放获取许可。