Data for the paper entitled "Accessibility maps as a tool to predict sampling bias in historical biodiversity occurrence records"
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This collection regroups data used in the paper "Accessibility maps as a tool to predict sampling bias in historical biodiversity occurrence records" by S. Monsarrat, A. Boshoff and G. Kerley.<br>Data description:<b>xy_histrecords: </b>Large mammal occurrence records collected from historical written sources in South Africa in the period 1497-1920. See details in the paper. Format: text file with 3 columns (X, Y, Year)<br><b>raster_hist records</b>: <strong> </strong>Large mammal occurrence records collected from historical written sources in South Africa in the period 1497-1920. Format: 0.1°x0.1° raster grid.extent: 15, 35, -38, -20 (xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax)coord. ref.: +proj=longlat +datum=WGS84 +ellps=WGS84 +towgs84=0,0,0 <br><b>cities_table</b>: 2 columns table with the coordinates of pre-1900 european settlements in South Africa, based on Floyd’s chronological order of town establishment in South Africa (Floyd, 1960).<br><b>biome_ras: </b>0.1°x0.1°<strong> r</strong>aster grid of south african biomes, from the 2012 Vegetation Map of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland (Mucina & Rutherford, 2006; South African National Biodiversity Institute, 2012).extent: 15, 35, -38, -20 (xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax)coord. ref.: +proj=longlat +datum=WGS84 +no_defs +ellps=WGS84 +towgs84=0,0,0 <strong> </strong><br><b>max_temp:</b> 0.01°x0.01°<strong> r</strong>aster grid of maximum summer temperature, in °C, averaged over the period 1960-1990, obtained from WorldClim (Fick & Hijmans, 2017).extent: 15, 35, -38, -20 (xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax)coord. ref.: +proj=longlat +datum=WGS84 +ellps=WGS84 +towgs84=0,0,0 <br><b>mean_prec:</b> 0.01°x0.01°<strong> r</strong>aster grid of mean annual precipitation, in mm, averaged over the period 1960-1990, obtained from WorldClim (Fick & Hijmans, 2017).<br><b> </b>extent: 15, 35, -38, -20 (xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax)coord. ref. : +proj=longlat +datum=WGS84 +ellps=WGS84 +towgs84=0,0,0 <br><b>NPP:</b> 0.1°x0.1°<strong> r</strong>aster grid of mean annual net primary productivity, in g C/m<sup>2</sup>/year, obtained from MODIS MOD17 Gross/Net Primary Production Project of the Numerical Terradynamic Simulation Group (Zhao <i>et al.</i>, 2005).extent: 15, 35, -38, -20 (xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax)coord. ref.: +proj=longlat +datum=WGS84 +ellps=WGS84 +towgs84=0,0,0 <br><b>SPI</b>: 0.1°x0.1°<strong> r</strong>aster grid of the Settlement Proximity Index (SPI). See detail in the paper.<br>extent: 15, 35, -38, -20 (xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax)coord. ref.: +proj=longlat +datum=WGS84 +ellps=WGS84 +towgs84=0,0,0 (also provided: SPI built with different sizes of kernel widths <i>h<sub>s</sub></i> and <i>h<sub>w </sub></i>and with a triangular kernel instead of a gaussian (see Appendix S4))<b><br></b><b>WPI</b>: 0.1°x0.1°<strong> r</strong>aster grid of the Water Proximity Index (SPI). See details in the paper.extent: 15, 35, -38, -20 (xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax)coord. ref.: +proj=longlat +datum=WGS84 +ellps=WGS84 +towgs84=0,0,0 (also provided: WPI built with different sizes of kernel widths <i>h<sub>s</sub></i> and <i>h<sub>w </sub></i>and with a triangular kernel instead of a gaussian (see Appendix S4))<br><b>Study Area</b>: ESRI shapefile of the study area.class: SpatialPolygonsDataFrame<br>coord. ref. : +proj=tmerc +lat_0=0 +lon_0=21 +k=1 +x_0=0 +y_0=0 +datum=WGS84 +units=m +no_defs +ellps=WGS84 +towgs84=0,0,0<br>
本数据集汇集了S·蒙萨拉特（S. Monsarrat）、A·博肖夫（A. Boshoff）与G·克利（G. Kerley）发表的论文《可达性图谱作为预测历史生物多样性出现记录采样偏差的工具》（Accessibility maps as a tool to predict sampling bias in historical biodiversity occurrence records）中使用的全部相关数据。 **xy_histrecords**：1497年至1920年间，从南非历史文献中采集的大型哺乳动物出现记录，详细信息参见论文。格式：含3列的文本文件（X坐标、Y坐标、年份） **raster_hist records**：1497年至1920年间，从南非历史文献中采集的大型哺乳动物出现记录。格式：0.1°×0.1°栅格（raster）。空间范围：15, 35, -38, -20（xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax）。坐标参考系：+proj=longlat +datum=WGS84 +ellps=WGS84 +towgs84=0,0,0 **cities_table**：基于弗洛伊德1960年出版的《南非城镇建立时序》（Floyd, 1960）整理的南非1900年前欧洲定居点坐标数据表，共2列。 **biome_ras**：0.1°×0.1°南非生物群系栅格（raster），数据源自2012年《南非、莱索托与斯威士兰植被图》（Mucina & Rutherford, 2006; 南非国家生物多样性研究所, 2012）。空间范围：15, 35, -38, -20（xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax）。坐标参考系：+proj=longlat +datum=WGS84 +no_defs +ellps=WGS84 +towgs84=0,0,0 **max_temp**：0.01°×0.01°夏季最高温栅格（raster），单位为摄氏度，以1960-1990年的平均值计算，源自WorldClim数据集（Fick & Hijmans, 2017）。空间范围：15, 35, -38, -20（xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax）。坐标参考系：+proj=longlat +datum=WGS84 +ellps=WGS84 +towgs84=0,0,0 **mean_prec**：0.01°×0.01°年平均降水量栅格（raster），单位为毫米，以1960-1990年的平均值计算，源自WorldClim数据集（Fick & Hijmans, 2017）。空间范围：15, 35, -38, -20（xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax）。坐标参考系：+proj=longlat +datum=WGS84 +ellps=WGS84 +towgs84=0,0,0 **NPP**：0.1°×0.1°年平均净初级生产力栅格（raster），单位为克碳/平方米/年，数据源自数值陆地动态模拟组的MODIS MOD17总/净初级生产力产品（Zhao 等, 2005）。空间范围：15, 35, -38, -20（xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax）。坐标参考系：+proj=longlat +datum=WGS84 +ellps=WGS84 +towgs84=0,0,0 **SPI**：0.1°×0.1°定居点邻近指数（Settlement Proximity Index, SPI）栅格（raster），详细信息参见论文。空间范围：15, 35, -38, -20（xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax）。坐标参考系：+proj=longlat +datum=WGS84 +ellps=WGS84 +towgs84=0,0,0。此外还提供了使用不同核宽度h_s、h_w，以及以三角核替代高斯核计算得到的SPI数据集（详见附录S4）。 **WPI**：0.1°×0.1°水源邻近指数（Water Proximity Index, WPI）栅格（raster），详细信息参见论文。空间范围：15, 35, -38, -20（xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax）。坐标参考系：+proj=longlat +datum=WGS84 +ellps=WGS84 +towgs84=0,0,0。此外还提供了使用不同核宽度h_s、h_w，以及以三角核替代高斯核计算得到的WPI数据集（详见附录S4）。 **研究区域**：研究区域的ESRI形状文件（shapefile），类属SpatialPolygonsDataFrame。坐标参考系：+proj=tmerc +lat_0=0 +lon_0=21 +k=1 +x_0=0 +y_0=0 +datum=WGS84 +units=m +no_defs +ellps=WGS84 +towgs84=0,0,0
