Supplementary information files for <i>In-situ</i> comparison of high-order detonations and low-order deflagration methodologies for underwater unexploded ordnance (UXO) disposal

© the authors, CC-BY NC ND 4.0Supplementary files for article <i>In-situ</i> comparison of high-order detonations and low-order deflagration methodologies for underwater unexploded ordnance (UXO) disposalThe unexploded ordnance (UXO) on the seabed off Northwest Europe poses a hazard to offshore developments such as windfarms. The traditional removal method is through high-order detonation of a donor explosive charge placed adjacent to the UXO, which poses a risk of injury or death to marine mammals and other fauna from the high sound levels produced and is destructive to the seabed. This paper describes a sea-trial in the Danish Great Belt to compare the sound produced by high-order detonations with that produced by deflagration, a low-order disposal method that offers reduced environmental impact from noise. The results demonstrate a substantial reduction over high-order detonation, with the peak sound pressure level and sound exposure level being around 20 dB lower for the deflagration. The damage to the seabed was also considerably reduced for deflagration, although there was some evidence for residues of explosives related chemicals in sediments.© 作者保留所有权利，采用CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0协议。本文为论文《原位（in-situ）对比高阶爆轰与低阶爆燃方法用于水下未爆炸弹药（unexploded ordnance, UXO）处置》的补充材料。西北欧近海海床中的未爆炸弹药（UXO）对海上风电等近海开发活动构成安全威胁。传统处置手段为在未爆炸弹药旁放置主装药并实施高阶爆轰，但该方法产生的高强度噪声会对海洋哺乳动物及其他海洋生物造成致死或致伤风险，同时还会破坏海床环境。本文介绍了在丹麦大贝尔特海峡开展的海上试验，用于对比高阶爆轰与低阶爆燃处置法所产生的噪声——低阶爆燃法可降低噪声带来的环境影响。试验结果显示，爆燃法相较高阶爆轰法可实现噪声的大幅削减：其峰值声压级与声暴露级均比爆轰法低约20分贝。此外，爆燃法对海床的破坏程度也显著降低，但沉积物中仍存在部分爆炸相关化学物质残留的相关证据。