<b>Developing Ethical Reasoning in Undergraduate Medical Students through a Structured Reflection and Problem-Based Learning Framework</b>

Though undergraduate medical students are exposed to the framework of medical ethics, Critical thinking is underemphasized. The ability to think critically and take ethically acceptable decisions becomes a defining trait of professional competence. This study attempted to develop, implement, and evaluate a structured learning module designed to enhance ethical reasoning and critical decision-making skills in undergraduate medical students. The module integrates anonymized guided reflective writing with problem-based small group discussions to create an engaging and contextually rich learning experience. By combining guided reflection with collaborative exploration of ethical dilemmas through discussion, the study seeks to foster deeper moral reasoning, encourage empathy, and equip future physicians with the skills needed to navigate complex ethical situations in clinical practice.尽管医学本科生已接触医学伦理学的理论框架，但批判性思维的培养仍未得到足够重视。具备批判性思维能力并作出符合伦理规范的决策，已成为医师专业胜任力的核心特质。本研究尝试开发、实施并评估一款结构化学习模块，旨在提升医学本科生的伦理推理与批判性决策技能。该模块将匿名引导式反思写作与基于问题的小组讨论相结合，打造出兼具吸引力与情境丰厚度的学习体验。通过结合引导式反思与基于讨论的伦理困境协作探究，本研究旨在深化学生的道德推理能力、培育共情意识，并为未来医师赋能，使其掌握应对临床实践中复杂伦理情境所需的核心技能。