Does Competition from HMOs Affect Fee-For-Service Physicians?

This paper develops county-level estimates of HMO market share for all counties in the United States and uses them to examine the relationship between HMO market share and the fee for a normal office visit with an established patient charged by 2,845 fee-for-service (FFS) physicians. Two-stage least本文针对美国所有县域构建了健康维护组织（Health Maintenance Organization, HMO）市场份额的县级估算值，并利用该估算值考察了2845名按服务收费（Fee-for-Service, FFS）医师针对复诊患者的常规门诊就诊费用与HMO市场份额之间的关联。本文采用两阶段最小