Extension of the ‘Inorganic Gel Casting’ Process to the Manufacturing of Boro-Alumino-Silicate Glass Foams

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Extension of the ‘Inorganic Gel Casting’ Process to the Manufacturing of Boro-Alumino-Silicate Glass Foams
by Acacio Rincon Romero 1ORCID,Sergio Tamburini 2,Gianmarco Taveri 3,Jaromír Toušek 4,Ivo Dlouhy 3ORCID andEnrico Bernardo 1,*ORCID
1
Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 9, 35131 Padova, Italy
2
National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Institute of Condensed Matter Chemistry and Technologies for Energy (ICMATE), Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
3
Institute of Physics of Materials (IPM), Žižkova 22, 61662 Brno, Czech Republic
4
CEITEC—Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Materials 2018, 11(12), 2545; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11122545
Submission received: 26 November 2018 / Revised: 10 December 2018 / Accepted: 11 December 2018 / Published: 14 December 2018
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Glasses, Composites and Ceramics for High Growth Industries)
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Abstract
A new technique for the production of glass foams, based on alkali activation and gel casting, previously applied to soda-lime glass, was successfully extended to boro-alumino-silicate glass, recovered from the recycling of pharmaceutical vials. A weak alkali activation (2.5 M NaOH or NaOH/KOH aqueous solutions) of fine glass powders (below 70 µm) allowed for the obtainment of well-dispersed concentrated aqueous suspensions, undergoing gelation by treatment at low temperature (75 °C). Unlike soda-lime glass, the progressive hardening could not be attributed to the formation of calcium-rich silicate hydrates. The gelation was provided considering the chemical formulation of pharmaceutical glass (CaO-free) to the formation of hydrated sodium alumino-silicate (N-A-S-H) gel. An extensive direct foaming was achieved by vigorous mechanical stirring of partially gelified suspensions, comprising also a surfactant. A sintering treatment at 700 °C, was finally applied to stabilize the cellular structures.

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# 《无机凝胶注模成型（Inorganic Gel Casting）》工艺拓展至硼铝硅酸盐泡沫玻璃的制备
作者：阿卡西奥·林孔·罗梅罗（Acacio Rincon Romero）¹，塞尔吉奥·坦布里尼（Sergio Tamburini）²，吉安马尔科·塔韦里（Gianmarco Taveri）³，亚罗米尔·图谢克（Jaromír Toušek）⁴，伊沃·德卢希（Ivo Dlouhy）³，恩里科·贝尔纳多（Enrico Bernardo）¹,*
* 通讯作者
1 意大利帕多瓦大学工业工程系，马尔佐洛大道9号，帕多瓦 35131
2 意大利国家研究委员会（CNR）凝聚态化学与能源技术研究所（ICMATE），斯塔蒂乌尼大道4号，帕多瓦 35127
3 捷克共和国布尔诺材料物理研究所（IPM），日什科瓦街22号，布尔诺 61662
4 捷克共和国马萨里克大学中欧技术研究所（CEITEC），卡梅尼采街5号，布尔诺 62500
《Materials》2018, 11(12), 2545；DOI: 10.3390/ma11122545
收稿日期：2018年11月26日；修订日期：2018年12月10日；录用日期：2018年12月11日；在线发表日期：2018年12月14日
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本文隶属于《面向高增长产业的先进玻璃、复合材料与陶瓷》特刊

## 摘要
本研究将此前应用于钠钙玻璃的、基于碱活化与凝胶注模成型的泡沫玻璃制备新工艺，成功拓展至从药用玻璃药瓶回收得到的硼铝硅酸盐玻璃体系。对粒径小于70 μm的玻璃微粉采用弱碱活化（2.5 mol/L NaOH或NaOH/KOH水溶液），可获得分散性优异的浓水基悬浮液，经75 ℃低温处理即可发生凝胶化。与钠钙玻璃不同，该体系的逐步硬化并非源于富钙硅酸盐水合物的生成。结合药用玻璃无氧化钙的化学组成，该凝胶化过程源自水合钠铝硅酸盐（hydrated sodium alumino-silicate，N-A-S-H）凝胶的形成。通过对含表面活性剂的半凝胶化悬浮液进行强力机械搅拌，可实现充分的直接发泡。最终经700 ℃烧结处理即可稳定泡沫孔结构。