Multilocus Comparative Phylogeography of Two Aristeid Shrimps of High Commercial Interest (<em>Aristeus antennatus and Aristaeomorpha foliacea</em>) Reveals Different Responses to Past Environmental Changes

Phylogeographical studies can reveal hidden patterns in the evolutionary history of species. Comparative analyses of closely related species can further help disentangle the relative contributions of processes responsible for such patterns. In this work, the phylogeography of two aristeid species, Aristeus antennatus and Aristaeomorpha foliacea, was compared through multiple genetic markers. These marine shrimp species are of high commercial importance, and are exploited in the Mediterranean Sea (MED) and in Mozambique Channel (MOZ) where they occur in partial sympatry. Aristeus antennatus (N = 50) from Western and Eastern Mediterranean (WM and EM, respectively), Atlantic Ocean (AO) and MOZ, and Aristaeomorpha foliacea (N = 40) from WM, EM, MOZ North-Western Australia (AUS) were analyzed with two nuclear genes (PEPCK and NaK) and one mitochondrial (COI) gene. Within the study area differences were found between the two species in their phylogeographical patterns, suggesting distinct responses to environmental changes. Monophyly of Aristeus antennatus was found across its distributional range. This pattern contrasted by a deep evolutionary split within Aristaeomorpha foliacea where genetic diversity followed geography distinguishing MED-MOZ and AUS. We propose that the AUS lineage of A. foliacea warrants consideration as a distinct species, with consequent implications in systematics and resource management.谱系地理学（phylogeography）研究可揭示物种演化历史中潜藏的模式。对近缘物种开展比较分析，能够进一步厘清塑造此类模式的各类过程的相对贡献。本研究针对两种赤虾科（aristeid）物种——毛颚对虾（Aristeus antennatus）与宽沟对虾（Aristaeomorpha foliacea）——通过多组遗传标记开展了谱系地理学比较分析。这两类海洋虾类具有极高的商业价值，在地中海（Mediterranean Sea, MED）与莫桑比克海峡（Mozambique Channel, MOZ）均被商业化捕捞，且二者在上述海域存在部分同域分布（partial sympatry）。本研究分析了来自西地中海（WM）、东地中海（EM，分别对应）、大西洋（Atlantic Ocean, AO）以及MOZ的毛颚对虾（样本量N=50），以及来自WM、EM、MOZ与澳大利亚西北部（North-Western Australia, AUS）的宽沟对虾（样本量N=40），所用遗传标记包含2个核基因（PEPCK与NaK）与1个线粒体基因（COI）。研究区域内的分析结果显示，两个物种的谱系地理学模式存在显著差异，表明它们对环境变化的响应模式截然不同。在整个分布范围内，毛颚对虾均呈现单系群（monophyly）特征。这一模式与宽沟对虾的情况形成鲜明对比：该物种内部存在深度演化分化，其遗传多样性呈现显著的地理分区特征，可划分为MED-MOZ群体与AUS群体。本研究提出，宽沟对虾的AUS支系应当被认定为独立物种，这一结论将对生物分类学（systematics）与渔业资源管理产生相应影响。