Dataset related to article "Diagnostic performance of microUltrasound at MRI-guided confirmatory biopsy in patients under active surveillance for low-risk prostate cancer "

This record contains raw data related to article "Diagnostic performance of microUltrasound at MRI-guided confirmatory biopsy in patients under active surveillance for low-risk prostate cancer" Abstract Background: Active surveillance (AS) represents a standard of care of low-risk prostate cancer (PCa). However, the identification and monitoring of AS candidates remains challenging. Microultrasound (microUS) is a novel high-resolution imaging modality for transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS). We explored the impact of microUS TRUS and targeted biopsies in mpMRI-guided confirmatory biopsies. Methods: Between October 2017 and September 2021, we prospectively enrolled 100 patients scheduled for MRI-guided confirmatory biopsy at 1 year from diagnosis of ISUP 1 PCa. TRUS was performed using the ExactVu microUS system; PRI-MUS protocol was applied to identify suspicious lesions (i.e., PRIMUS score ≥ 3). All patients received targeted biopsies of any identified microUS and mpMRI lesions and complementary systematic biopsies. The proportion of patients upgraded to clinically significant PCa (defined as ISUP ≥ 2 cancer; csPCa) at confirmatory biopsies was determined, and the diagnostic performance of microUS and mpMRI were compared. Results: Ninety-two patients had a suspicious MRI lesion classified PI-RADS 3, 4, and 5 in respectively 28, 16, and 18 patients. MicroUS identified 82 patients with suspicious lesions, classified as PRI-MUS 3, 4, and 5 in respectively 20, 50, and 12 patients, while 18 individuals had no lesions. Thirty-four patients were upgraded to ISUP ≥ 2 cancer and excluded from AS. MicroUS and mpMRI showed a sensitivity of 94.1% and 100%, and an NPV of 88.9% and 100%, respectively, in detecting ISUP ≥ 2 patients. A microUS-mandated protocol would have avoided confirmatory biopsies in 18 patients with no PRI-MUS ≥ 3 lesions at the cost of missing four upgraded patients. Conclusions: MicroUS and mpMRI represent valuable imaging modalities showing high sensitivity and NPV in detecting csPCa, thus allowing their use for event-triggered confirmatory biopsies in AS patients. MicroUS offers an alternative imaging modality to mpMRI for the identification and real-time targeting of suspicious lesions in AS patients.本数据集包含与题为《低风险前列腺癌主动监测患者中磁共振成像引导确认活检时微超声的诊断效能》的研究文章相关的原始数据。 摘要 背景：主动监测（Active Surveillance, AS）是低风险前列腺癌（prostate cancer, PCa）的标准治疗方案，但针对主动监测候选人群的识别与随访仍存在挑战。微超声（microUltrasound, microUS）是一种用于经直肠超声（transrectal ultrasonography, TRUS）的新型高分辨率成像技术。本研究探讨了微超声联合经直肠超声以及靶向活检在多参数磁共振成像（multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging, mpMRI）引导的确认活检中的应用价值。 方法：2017年10月至2021年9月，本研究前瞻性纳入100例在确诊ISUP 1级前列腺癌后1年拟行磁共振成像引导确认活检的患者。采用ExactVu微超声系统完成经直肠超声检查，依据PRI-MUS评分标准识别可疑病灶（即PRI-MUS评分≥3分）。所有患者均接受针对微超声及多参数磁共振成像检出可疑病灶的靶向活检，同时辅以系统活检。统计确认活检中升级为临床显著性前列腺癌（定义为ISUP分级≥2级，clinically significant PCa, csPCa）的患者比例，并对比微超声与多参数磁共振成像的诊断效能。 结果：92例患者存在磁共振成像可疑病灶，其中PI-RADS 3、4、5级病灶分别见于28、16、18例患者。微超声检出82例存在可疑病灶，其中PRI-MUS 3、4、5级病灶分别见于20、50、12例患者，剩余18例患者未检出病灶。34例患者升级为ISUP≥2级前列腺癌，被排除出主动监测队列。在检出ISUP≥2级患者时，微超声与多参数磁共振成像的灵敏度分别为94.1%与100%，阴性预测值（negative predictive value, NPV）分别为88.9%与100%。若采用微超声强制筛查方案，可避免18例PRI-MUS评分<3分患者的确认活检，但代价是漏诊4例发生升级的患者。 结论：微超声与多参数磁共振成像均为极具价值的成像技术，在检出临床显著性前列腺癌时展现出较高的灵敏度与阴性预测值，因此可用于主动监测患者的事件触发式确认活检。微超声可作为多参数磁共振成像的替代成像手段，用于主动监测患者可疑病灶的识别与实时靶向活检。